Desafíos políticos de los países de inmigración

13 págs.-- Publicado en "Confluencia XXI. Revista de Pensamiento Político" (México), nº 3 (Oct-Dic 2008) bajo el título monográfico "Migrantes: ¿Por qué se van? ¿Por qué se quedan?".Las migraciones, una práctica tan antigua como la propia condición humana, se han convertido en un factor estructural de primer orden, en uno de los macrofenómenos más definitorios de nuestra época y en un complejo reto para las sociedades contemporáneas. En prácticamente todos los países del mundo, todo lo que concierne a este complejo fenómeno ocupa un lugar destacado en la agenda política. La gestión, el control y la integración de los movimientos internacionales de personas se presentan como un policy field de creciente y prioritaria relevancia. No se trata, sin embargo, de una cuestión de mera moda: el número de países implicados de manera significativa en las migraciones internacionales ha aumentado considerablemente, hasta el punto de que resulta realmente difícil encontrar algún Estado que no sea bien un país de inmigración, bien un país de emigración o bien ambas cosas a la vez, cuando no al menos un país de tránsito. No ha de extrañar entonces que la mayoría de los gobiernos haya tomado conciencia de la necesidad de ofrecer una respuesta en términos legales e institucionales a un fenómeno de carácter permanente que puede llegar a alterar la estructura demográfica, social, cultural, económica y laboral de un país. Dada la complejidad de la cuestión, y por cuestiones de economía argumentativa, aquí se abordará de manera fundamental desde la perspectiva de los países receptores, que, por lo demás, es también la adoptada en forma habitual por los países europeos que registran mayor inmigración. Sin embargo, el fenómeno migratorio es fundamentalmente transnacional y tiene fehacientes repercusiones en los países de emigración.Peer reviewe

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Strengthening Myriostoma (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) diversity: Myriostoma australianum sp. nov

A new species in the genus Myriostoma (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) is described from Australia. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, as well as morphological data are evidence that the new species, Myriostoma australianum, is closely related to M. capillisporum from South Africa. Additional collections under M. coliforme from Brazil and USA (New Mexico) were analyzed and confirmed as belonging to M. calongei.We would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazilian agency) for the four-month doctorate international scholarship in Madrid, Spain for the first author; and to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Brazil) for providing the financial support of the “Projeto Pesquisador Visitante Especial” (PVE-407474/2013-7).Peer reviewe

Contribution to Neotropical data of Geastrum section Corollina (Basidiomycota): Two new earth-stars from Caatinga vegetation, Brazil

The Caatinga is a unique phytogeographical domain of semi-arid vegetation in northeastern Brazil. Although, it includes rare and endemic birds and mammals, it is poorly represented in the Brazilian Conservation Area Network. In this paper we describe two new species of the genus Geastrum section Corollina: G. caatingense and G. parvistellum, based on morphological data and molecular analyses of ITS/LSU nrDNA. Species description, images, and taxonomic discussion are provided.The first author would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazilian agency) for four months of doctorate international scholarship in Madrid–Spain; the second author thanks the Universidade de Pernambuco (Programa de Fortalecimento Acadêmico/PFA), Maria Batista de Freitas (D. Carminha) and family (sítio Jenipapeiro, Triunfo, PB), for the logistical support and assistance during fieldwork. Authors are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Brazil, Projeto Pesquisador Visitante Especial PVE/407474/2013–7) for providing the financial support; and also to Prof. Marian Glenn for English revision.Peer reviewe

NEW RECORDS OF GEASTRACEAE (BASIDIOMYCOTA: PHALLOMYCETIDAE) FROM ATLANTIC RAINFOREST REMNANTS AND RELICTS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

En este trabajo se presentan registros de Geastraceae en el noreste brasileño, recolectados en losremanentes de las formaciones vegetales de la Mata Atlántica y los relictos de Mata Atlántica “Brejo deAltitude”. Las especies se han identificado sobre la base de la macro y micro morfología con ayuda de laliteratura específica. Once especies se distribuyen en dos géneros:Geastrum fimbriatum, G. javanicum,G. lageniforme, G. lloydianum, G. minimum, G. pectinatum, G. rusticum, G. schweinitzii, G. setiferumyG. triplexyMyriostoma coliforme. Nueve de estos registros son nuevos para Rio Grande do Norte, cincopara Paraíba y cinco para Ceará.Geastrum minimumes el primer registro para el nordeste de Brasil,G. rusticumes la primera cita para la región semiárida, mientras queG. pectinatumyM. coliformesonlos primeros registros para el nordeste de la Mata Atlántica ylos relictos de Mata Atlántica “ Brejo deAltitude”. También se incluyen observaciones taxonómicas del hábitat y la distribución de las especiesen Brasil

More than one fungus in the pepper pot: integrative taxonomy unasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

Since the nineteenth century, Myriostoma has been regarded as a monotypic genus with a widespread distribution in north temperate and subtropical regions. However, on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), four species are now delimited: M. areolatum comb. & stat. nov., M. calongei sp. nov., M. capillisporum comb. & stat. nov., and M. coliforme. Myriostoma coliforme is typified by selecting a lectotype (iconotype) and a modern sequenced collection as an epitype. The four species can be discriminated by a combination of morphological characters, such as stomatal form, endoperidial surface texture, and basidiospore size and ornamentation.The authors would like to express their thanks to the CoordenacËão de AperfeicËoamento de Pessoal de NõÂvel Superior (CAPESÐBrazil) for the PhD scholarships awarded to Julieth de Oliveira Sousa and Donis S. Alfredo in 2014/2015 and to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientõÂfico e TecnoloÂgico (CNPqÐBrazil, Projeto Pesquisador Visitante Especial PVE/407474/2013±7 and Projecto de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade do Semiarido PPBio/457476/ 2012±5; MarõÂa P. MartõÂn and Iuri G. Baseia) for the scholarship of scientific initiation awarded to Luana Conrado. Natural England (Species Recovery Programme) is thanked for funding part of the sequencing work carried out in England. The first author would like to thank Bianca Silva and Judcleidson Cavalcante for their help with the Brazilian field expedition. Bart Buyck is thanked for granting permission for specimen loans from the Herbarium of the MuseÂum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHNÐParis), and Mikael Jeppson for loan of the sample MJ8714. Thanks to M. Teresa Telleria and Margarita Dueñas from the Real JardõÂn BotaÂnico-CSIC (Madrid, Spain) for continuously supporting the study of gasteroid fungi and thanks to Paul M. Kirk (RBG, Kew) for nomenclatural advice. Thanks to Sandra Nogal-Prata forMyriostoma areolatum Fig 2A and 2B. The authors would also like to thank MarõÂa Conejero (RBG, Kew) and Yolanda Ruiz (RJB, Madrid) for technical support with the SEM images.Peer reviewe

Hidden fungal diversity from Neotropics - Genus Geastrum, earthstar fungi

Vídeo basado en el estudio publicado en PlosOne: Thiago Accioly, Julieth O. Sousa, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Christophe Lécuru, Bianca, D.B. Silva, Mélanie Roy, Monique Gardes, Iuri G. Baseia & María P. Martín. 2019. Hidden fungal diversity from the Neotropics: Geastrum hirsutum, G. schweinitzii (Basidiomycota, Geastrales) and their allies. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0211388 (2019). Con versiones en español, inglés, francés y portuguésPeer reviewe

Hidden fungal diversity from the Neotropics: Geastrum hirsutum, G. schweinitzii (Basidiomycota, Geastrales) and their allies

Taxonomy of Geastrum species in the neotropics has been subject to divergent opinions among specialists. In our study, type collections were reassessed and compared with recent collections in order to delimit species in Geastrum, sect. Myceliostroma, subsect. Epigaea. A thorough review of morphologic features combined with barcode and phylogenetic analyses (ITS and LSU nrDNA) revealed six new species (G. neoamericanum, G. rubellum, G. brunneocapillatum, G. baculicrystallum, G. rubropusillum and G. courtecuissei). In additon, the presence of hairs on the exoperidium, a commonly used feature to diagnose Geastrum species, proved to be ineffective because it is a derived character within subsect. Epigaea.This work was supported by: (TA and JS) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Brazil) for the PhD scholarships awarded to Thiago Accioly and Julieth Sousa (PDSE-2017); (IGB and MPM) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Brazil, Projeto Pesquisador Visitante Especial PVE/407474/2013–7, María P. Martín and Iuri G. Baseia); (PAM, MR and MG) The French Laboratories of Excellence Labex TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41; ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02) and Labex CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01), the National Forest Office (ONF, France), the program ANR E-TRICEL (National Research Agency, France) and the DREAL Martinique (France) provided financial support for this study.Peer reviewe